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The books in the series have been designed for both independent and tutor assisted studies. For this reason they should prove particularly useful to the “self-starter” and to those wishing to update or upgrade their aircraft maintenance licence. Also, the series should prove a useful source of reference for those taking ab initiotraining programmes in JAR 147 (now ECAR Part-147) and FAR 147 approved organizations and those on related aeronautical engineering programmes in further and higher education establishments.

This book has primarily been written as one in a series of texts, designed to cover the essential knowledge base required by aircraft certifying mechanics, technicians and engineers engaged in engineering maintenance activities on commercial aircraft. In addition, this book should appeal to the members of the armed forces, and students attending training and educational establishments engaged in aircraft engineering maintenance and other related aircraft engineering learning programmes.

In this book we cover in detail the underpinning mathematics, physics, electrical and electronic fundamentals, and aerodynamics necessary to understand the function and operation of the complex technology used in modern aircraft. The book is arranged into four major sections:

1. • Introduction
2. • Scientific fundamentals
3. • Electrical and electronic fundamentals
4. • Fundamentals of aerodynamics

In the Introductory section you will find information on the nature of the aircraft maintenance industry, the types of job role that you can expect, the current methods used to train and educate you for such roles and information on the examinations system directly related to civil aviation maintenance engineering. In addition, you will find information on typical career progression routes, professional recognition, and the legislative framework and safety culture that is so much a part of our industry.

In the section on Scientific fundamentals we start by studying Module 1 of the JAR 66 (now ECAR Part-66) syllabus (see qualifications and levels) covering the elementary mathematics necessary to practice at the category B technician level. It is felt by the authors, that this level of “non-calculator” mathematics is insufficient as a prerequisite to support the study of the physics and the related technology modules, that are to follow. For this reason, and to assist students who wish to pursue other related qualifications, a section has been included on “further mathematics”. The coverage of JAR 66 Module 2 on physics is sufficiently comprehensive and at a depth, necessary for both category B1 and B2 technicians.

The section on Electrical and electronic fundamentals comprehensively covers ECAR 66 Module 3 and ECAR Part-66 Module 4 to a knowledge level suitable for category B2 avionic technicians. Module 5 on Digital Techniques and Electronic Instrument Systems will be covered in the fifth book in the series, Avionic Systems.

This book concludes with a section on the study of Aerodynamics, which has been written to cover ECAR Part-66 Module 8.

In view of the international nature of the civil aviation industry, all aircraft engineering maintenance staff need to be fully conversant with the SI system of units and be able to demonstrate proficiency in manipulating the “English units” of measurement adopted by international aircraft manufacturers, such as the Boeing Aircraft Company. Where considered important, the English units of measure will be emphasized alongside the universally recognized SI system. The chapter on physics (Chapter 4) provides a thorough introduction to SI units, where you will also find mention of the English system, with conversion tables between each system being provided at the beginning of Chapter 4.

To reinforce the subject matter for each major topic, there are numerous worked examples and test your knowledge written questions designed to enhance learning. In addition, at the end of each chapter you will find a selection of multiple-choice questions, that are graded to simulate the depth and breadth of knowledge required by individuals wishing to practice at the mechanic (category A) or technician (category B) level. These multiple choice question papers should be attempted after you have completed your study of the appropriate chapter. In this way, you will obtain a clearer idea of how well you have grasped the subject matter at the module level. Note also that category B knowledge is required by those wishing to practice at the category C or engineer level. Individuals hoping to pursue this route should make sure that they thoroughly understand the relevant information on routes, pathways and examination levels given later.

Further information on matters, such as aerospace operators, aircraft and aircraft component manufacturers, useful web sites, regulatory authorities, training and educational establishments and comprehensive lists of terms, definitions and references, appear as appendices at the end of the book. References are annotated using superscript numbers at the appropriate point in the text.

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Automobile is a vital object of your life and it is used for turning your life forward. To understand your car finer and make it intact you have to think your car as a absolute automatic system. And like all automotive systems it requires upkeep to make alive. Time we use cars or vehicles we rarely observance it as a absolute system. Just imagine how the things are structured and how this automotive system works. The variations introduced by vehicle manufacturers are nothing but making automotive systems finer and finer!

All the units in your car from keyless entry to power steering wheel, chrome alloy wheels to power windows, cooling system and engine adjustment all together form automotive systems. And upkeep of automotive systems is not an effortless thing. Today’s car is not a object of big machineries and parts; it is more or less like a computer; fine, fitted with smaller and brainy units. upkeep of it requires intelligence and knowledge. Without suitable knowledge and intent about the systems one cannot just cover the job of maintaining an engine perfectly. Hence it is very strategic for you to give an extra eye to upkeep of automotive systems.

Maintenance of your automotive systems must be done according to standards mentioned by manufacturers. Besides going for the proper upkeep of automotive systems, you can also cerebrate of certain enlistment in your car for improving automotive performance. Such enlistment and installation of parts in your automotive system will raise the performance of your vehicle and gain gas mileage. Given beneath are few accessories which can upgrade the performance of your car.

Reusable Air Filters: Reusable air filters are one of the good units you can buy for your car. It not only saves a favorable deal of money, but such filters have been found to amount acceleration of your vehicle. The use of reusable air filters have also a favorable outcome on environment. Such reusable air filter lasts longer for your car and keeps on keeping the performance uncastrated.

Performance Chips: Most brand new cars are operated by computer chips and those chips terminate the torque and h.p. to be displaced. Recalibrations or performance chips are highly in use these days to improve automotive performance. Installing performance chips will help you amount the torque and h.p. of your vehicle significantly.

Performance Exhaust Systems: This is another way to take care of automotive performance. The catalyst back exhaust system is a extraordinary way to free cornered force and loose the h.p.. This automotive system incorporates larger width exhaust pipe and low restriction muffler tips into your vehicle which lowers the exhaust back pressure. Another favorable gain of this system is a sound impression of your vehicle which is really awesome.

Cold Air Intake: This upgrade system is under the bonnet mod which is utilised to reduce the temperature of air entering the car to amount power of engine. This installation enhances your engine looks besides increasing its power. This object too makes the sound of engine appealing.

Its Monday again and the weekend is over. How was this weekend for you and did you drive a lot? Was it a smooth drive or you faced some problems with the brakes of your car. You must have felt the change if you have followed the DIY tips to change your car’s brake pads.

Brake system form an essential part of an automotive engine. Regular maintenance and check of car brakes is very important in order to ensure your safety on road. There are a number of problems that you might have faced with car brakes. Lets discuss some of the common ones.

Wear of the Brakes – One of the most common problem is the wear of car brakes. This is obvious and natural coz auto brakes are frequently used and do a lot of work. The brake pads of your car are consequently working hard as well. This leads to the wear of the brakes.

Squeaking or Grinding – Excessive usage of brake pads leads to their wearing down. You might notice brake problems like squealing or increased stopping distance. Most of the cars have brake pads with a thin metal tab. When you brake pads wears down, this tab vibrates against the rotor which might damage it.

Sounds of Wear Indicators – At times, the dust of brakes can be the reason behind some kind of sound or squeaking. This is a minor problem with the brake system and you can easy do without it by cleaning the dust. Using a brake cleaner spray is an easy way to do so.

Rotors Might Warp – Often, you yourself must have felt the problem of facing warped rotor or heard you neighbour facing this problem with his new car. Warping of rotor is a common problem which might happen because of overheating. The other reason for warped rotors can be incorrect tightening of the wheel.

Thin Rotor Wrap Easily – I have heard a number of car users facing warped rotors problem with their new cars. This is so because the he new cars have thin rotors that get warped easily. This problem can be rectified by repairing the rotors or by replacing them. Please ensure that you consult an experienced car mechanic before doing so. It is also important that you should understand how brake system work.

Loose Lug Nuts After Repair – This is crucial and can be dangerous also. If you have got your car brakes repaired and the lug nuts are not tightened, it can damage your car brakes. Ensure that the nuts are tightened evenly so that the rotor doesn’t warp. It is important that the care repair mechanic uses a torque wrench.

These were some of the common problems that you often face with your car brakes. A little care and few preventive measures will help you avoid these problems easily. We’ll find out few preventive measures and DIY tips to keep the car brakes and the entire automotive brake system of our car functioning at its best.