Engineering Magazines

And the US automotive industry is in dire straits. It did not learn from the 1973 energy crisis. It did not learn from the Chrysler experience. It did not learn from Toyota. It continued to depend on old, worn out concepts and on CEO’s that are kept in their positions by nepotism and by boards that do not understand the automotive business.

In a joint effort the Big Three are asking the US government for a $25 billion loan. They argue that government demands for increased fuel efficiency are too expensive to implement and require huge amounts of capital for retooling.

Let’s assume for the moment that the argument has some merit. But how can companies with worldwide manufacturing facilities fail to notice the steady increase in fuel prices and not see the warning signs hoisted by governments across the world that want to limit greenhouse gas emissions and fossil fuel consumption. This neglect is inexcusable. Efforts of US and European governments to limit fuel consumption are misdirected, counterproductive, and coercive. A comprehensive analysis quickly reveals that we must indeed limit and eventually halt greenhouse gas emissions.

OPEC countries will continue their unstoppable increases of petroleum prices. Electric cars, CNG powered cars, and hydrogen powered cars cannot stop carbon dioxide emissions perceptibly and will not make our country independent of OPEC imports. Automotive companies are critically dependent on the fickle and changing preferences of national and international markets.

Industrial companies that follow political hype will be punished sooner or later. Governments are incapable of designing automobiles for the market place. The world is relegated to using automobiles, trucks, trains, ships, and airplanes for the next century and will have to power most of them with liquid transportation fuels. We may be able to use less of them, we will be able to reduce energy consumption, we can use other forms of energy for some transportation, and we can produce petroleum substitutes from biomass. We can even produce biomass without competing with critically important food crops.

In order to minimize fuel consumption quickly, the auto industry is forced to deal with performance features. American drivers cannot avoid covering much longer distances than European or Japanese drivers. American drivers have less access to public transportation, have larger families, and drive on different types of roads. Automotive companies must listen to their customers.

Toyota and Honda have been listening most successfully. American and foreign car companies have developed a wide range of comfortable cars with a wide variety of utilitarian and luxury features. Sportive cars and SUV’s are attracting large numbers of buyers. All cars offer a wide selection of comfort and entertainment features. One major car component has received only peripheral attention; it is the much maligned internal combustion engine.

Many modern internal combustion engines are marvels of engineering. Materials, manufacturing processes, and especially peripheral components have progressed to unprecedented levels of performance and longevity. There is a last frontier that has escaped deserved attention. This is the highly energy efficient combustion engine. This is the type of engine that the automotive engine needs to develop, this is the engine that legislators should make mandatory.

This is the engine that we need to use for at least one more century. Long term the automotive industry has to develop an entirely new, advanced, internal combustion engine! Average energy efficiency of the worlds inventory of combustion engines is somewhere in the lower mid-twenties. Energy efficiency cannot grow indefinitely. When approaching the 50% efficiency mark, it will be difficult and very expensive to increase efficiency by a single percent. Advanced automotive engines are operating in the mid-thirties.

Large stationary engines are breaking the 45% mark. Large engines on trains and ships are getting above 40%. Looking at the total world inventory, we may still have a chance to nearly double energy efficiency and to cut energy consumption of present inventory in half. We cannot reach this goal by legislating fuel consumption of cars only. We can achieve optimum energy efficiency only by reengineering the processes taking place within and around the internal combustion space.

We know that higher compression ratios will increase energy efficiency, we know how to produce high octane fuel, we know why Diesel engines are more efficient, we know how to minimize formation of pollutants. The automotive industry has developed a huge selection of sophisticated electronic components for single cylinder fuel injection, for precise controls of valve motion and ignition timing, and for reclaiming waste energy at the exhaust.

No company seems to have found the nerve to get a jump on the competition and develop the successor to the two more than century old engine concepts; the Otto and the Diesel engines. If the US government decides to extend a $25 billion loan to the automotive industry, it should attach a few conditions. The loan needs to be secured and must take precedent over shareholder equity. The loan should stipulate that the salaries of top management are tethered to salaries of other top CEO’s like that of the US President.

The obscene bonuses of yesterday should be paid only after a waiting period of at least five years; in which previously agreed upon management objectives must have been met or exceeded. We must stop the prevalent looting of cash from US manufacturing companies by unscrupulous investors. These investors do not contribute anything of lasting value. They are excessively rewarded for ruining once healthy companies. We cannot continue to let a selected few impoverish the many and ruin our country irreparably.

For the legendary Lamborghini sports car stable of fantastic ultra high performance and styled vehicles it all started with ordinary Fiat automobiles and tractors.

Mr. Lamborghini – fully named – Mr. Ferruccio Lamborghini got his start with Fiats and then went on to a large successful manufacturing concern that grew from a small manufacturing shop into a major producer of tractors. However at a certain point in every person’s life they search out to complete what their real passion is. In the case of Lamborghini was finely styled and crafted motor cars. At 60 years of age, an established manufacturer of agricultural tractors – Mr. Lamborghini – decided that he could a better job of building a high end, beautifully styled, performance racing automobiles than either of the two dominant Italian auto firms of that auto industry sector – Ferrari and Maserati.

The first product out of the door had a chassis that was multi-tubular; the engine was front mounted sporting a 3.5 liter 12 cylinder V-12 engine. The V-12 engine itself was fitted with six Weber carburetors and ran four overhead camshafts. It all clocked at 360 ultra smooth horsepower with the transmission drive being through five speed stick shift. Suspension involved a coil and wishbone independent suspension set up. In one word it was wow – both in terms of performance of the hop as well as the automotive styling.

Although the styling of those early Lamborghini models may be considered standard Italian sports car design – designs which have worked their way into the so called standard “sport scar designs “and “sport scar flair”, at the time it was new and innovative and for the most part if was twenty five years ahead of anything produced in the good old U.S.A. . The one American sports car which might be considered an exception to that point was the Chevrolet Corvette. For years to come nothing else really matched or was similar to the clean aerodynamic lines and styling of the early Lamborghini classic autos.

Even then Lamborghini had such innovative products the establishment and reputation of the Lamborghini product line was no easy road to hoe. Although the first cars were produced in 1963 it was not for two years later – at the Turin Motor Show that the car began to attract solid interest and for the reputation of the car and its studio to grow and begin to become accepted for what it should be.

The first real product of record for Lamborghini was what was marketed as Miura T 400 model automobile. Its first year of manufacture was the 1966 model year. The basic layout and design of the Miura T 400 was a mid-engined coupe with a slightly larger version of the overhead cam engine – the classic V-12 laid out transversely behind the two seats of the car. The rear wheels were then driven by this engine through” spurs gears”. Interestingly the gear boxes and rear axles were Lamborghini products all by themselves -so they shared a lineage that was unique and not the same as any other of the competitor’s models.

What was performance of this little cat? The V-12 engine could pour out a total of 385 barrel horsepower. Top speed of this little coupe was over 180 miles per hour. It could more than carry its weight with the local Italian contenders – even the famed Ferraris.

If the was one complaint from drivers or riders it was of noise levels in the car’s cockpit. It can be said that this was the price to be paid for success or in this case speed and performance. If you cannot stand the heat don’t stay in the kitchen. Certainly the buyers of Lamborghini fine motor cars who bought the product and established the revered name for its performance and advanced styling and forgo this small shortcoming or foible as the car as an assumed fact – even a luxury.

The next model in the Lamborghini stable was introduced approximately two years later. The entire life of the production run of the popular Miura model was nine years – with two cars being produced a week ( a production figure of only 100 or so cars a year). The name of this vehicle was the Espada. For the new Lamborghini model, the Espada, Lamborghini went back to a more standard front engine layout. Perhaps this was in response to concerns over noise levels in the cockpit of the Miura and the need to produce a more “standard” or “civilized “vehicle product. No one really knows what went on in the mind of the genius Ferruccio Lamborghini. However what was retained for sure were the Lamborghini basics – the four liter V-12 massive highly tuned engine with whizzy overhead cams and multiple choke carburetors all putting out massive automotive performance and handling.

In the end it can be said that the Lamborghini automotive and automotive styling and performance legends are more than unique and reek of power, thrust and acceleration.

Acura has been setting new standards in automotive design and engineering for two decades with a strong commitment to bold innovation, precision manufacturing, and satisfying performance. The result is a roster of well-refined luxury vehicles that best typifies cutting-edge technology and thrilling automotive experience. Acura’s reputation for thrilling performance, for instance, relies on well-researched mechanical concepts, considerable of which has already resulted to exceptional Acura engine parts.

Acura was the first Japanese automaker to sell luxury-performance cars in the United States. It was a bold, but nonetheless sharp, move as the first two vehicles were introduced—the Legend luxury sedan and the sporty Integra series. Since the brand’s inception in 1986, Acura vehicles have won countless awards and accolades for its work. In fact, it was the best-selling luxury-performance import nameplate in the US in 1987. Also in the same year, the Acura Legend won Motor Trend’s prestigious Import Car of the Year trophy, while the Integra landed in the Car and Driver’s Ten Best list, both within the same year.

Acura’s heritage of innovation perpetually redefines state-of-the-art luxury in automobiles. A steadfast commitment to Research & Development continues to pioneer industry firsts in fields such as engine structural design, safety, all-wheel drive systems, voice recognition, and cleaner engine technology. Intelligent design propels the VTEC® engine and a group of Acura engine parts to provide legendary performance and fuel efficiency. VTEC® technology improves fuel efficiency at low rpm and boosts engine output at higher velocities.

Supplementing the excellent Acura engine parts is the Drive-by-Wire Throttle System™, which brings a sophisticated electronic system—normally found in race cars—to the Acura gas pedal. The Super Handling All-Wheel Drive™ (SH-AWD™) system, on the other hand, introduces North America’s first independent torque-distribution control system to raise turning precision and safety. Acura engineers’ forward-thinking has led to safety advancements like Advanced Compatibility Engineering™ (ACE™), building crash protection right into the frame of the car. These technologies prove that Acura consistently pushes the limits, staying on the cutting edge by sharpening the edge itself. It’s really no wonder then why enthusiasts and drivers have turned their sights on the Japanese-bred automotive force.

The automotive diagnostic equipments are important tools to analyze and diagnose automobiles. These equipments help to check the unavoidable irregularities and dysfunctions which persist in automobiles while being used. Thus the repairing is done on the basis of the detection of faults done by these equipments.

As the automobile industry is one of the most developing and dynamic industries, it has always invited continuous technological improvements in the field of automotive diagnostic equipments. The computerized automotive diagnostic equipments and laser based vehicle engine analyzers are few of the startling examples.

Apart from repairing purposes, these automotive diagnostic equipments are also used in automobile industry on a large scale. These highly optimized equipments ensure an all-fit automobile when all the parts are installed on the assembly lines.

For example ; a dynamometer is used to detect the problems in a troubling engine. It is basically used to find out the faults related to engine’s torque and its rotational speed. The other diagnostic equipment is a vehicle emission testing equipment. It finds out the excess of emission that is caused by leaks in automobiles.

Almost all automotive shops, as we can see, keep automobile or vehicle engine analyzers. A diagnostic equipment like this has the capability to detect and trace the problems and faults in more than one engines at a single time.

An automobile engine analyzer is one of the most efficient automotive diagnostic equipments. Its detection and diagnostic ability is well proven and recommended by many. It can find out the trouble zones at an electric speed thus we can save enough time.

As these testing and measuring equipments are extremely upgraded in terms of technology, these are bound to come at not easily affordable prices. These diagnostic equipments tend to be highly expensive. Thus it needs enough of care while investing in such equipments. One may fall prey to below standard equipments.